Ukuqala ibhizinisi lokubeka amaqanda kungaba ibhizinisi elizuzisayo nelinenzuzo uma kukhulunywa ngalo ngendlela efanele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabangela umsebenzi omncane ongemuva kwendlu noma ipulazi elikhudlwana lezentengiselwano, ukuqonda izinyathelo, izindleko, nezinselele ezijwayelekile kubalulekile. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuhambisa kukho konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze usungule futhi uqhube ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo lokudayisa amaqanda ezinkukhu.
1. Ucwaningo Nokuhlela
Ucwaningo Lwemakethe
Ngaphambi kokuqala, cwaninga ngesidingo samaqanda endaweni yangakini. Cabangela:
Uhlobo lwamaqanda abantu abawathandayo (i-organic, free-range, evamile).
Umncintiswano: Obani abantu abakhona abadayisa amadanda, futhi bawadayisa ngentengo engakanani?
Usayizi wemakethe: Mangaki amakhasimende angaba khona?
Uhlelo Lwebhizinisi
Uhlelo oluphelele lwebhizinisi lubalulekile ekwenzeni imephu yebhizinisi lakho. Faka:
Izinjongo: Chaza imigomo yakho yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside.
Imakethe eqondiwe: Bheka inani labantu noma amabhizinisi ozowadayisela lamaqanda.
Isabelomali: Izindleko zohlaka zokusetha, ukunakekela, nokusebenza kanye nokuholela uma uzoqasha abasebenzi.
Imithombo yemali engenayo: Ukuthengiswa kwamaqanda, imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo (isb, umquba), noma imikhiqizo ene-value-added njengamaqanda adayiswa esephekiwe.
2. Ukukhetha Imodeli Yebhizinisi
Ukufuya Emuva Kwendlu
Ilungele imisebenzi emincane.
Izindleko eziphansi zokuqalisa.
Ingathengisa ngokuqondile ezimakethe zendawo noma komakhelwane.
Ukukhiqizwa Kweqanda Lezohwebo
Idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile.
Uma ugxile ekukhiqizeni amaqanda amaningi uwayise ezitolo ezinkulu, abathengisi bezitolo, noma amabhizinisi okudla.
Ibandakanya imithethonqubo eqinile nengqalasizinda.
3. Ukumisa Ipilazi Lakho
Indawo kanye Nomhlaba
Khetha indawo enomoya omuhle, ukukhanya kwelanga, nokukhipha amanzi.
Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba uhambisana nemithetho yokuklama kanye nemithetho yezolimo.
Izindlu
Yakha noma uthenge indlu yezinkukhu ukuze ivikele izinkukhu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye kanye nesimo sezulu.
Dizayina ihhoko nge:
Amabhokisi ezidleke zokubekela amaqanda.
Ama-perches okulala.
Isikhala esanele (ubuncane obungamafidi-skwele angu-1.5-2 inkukhu ngayinye).
Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele ukuvimbela izinkinga zokuphefumula.
Imishini
Okuphakelayo kanye nowamanzi.
Amathreyi okuqoqa amaqanda noma obhasikidi.
Amasistimu okukhanyisa okukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okungaguquki.
Uthango lokuvikela indawo.
4. Ukukhetha Uhlobo Olulungile
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkukhu zinikeza amazinga ahlukene okukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, isimo sengqondo, nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Izinhlobo ezidumile zokubeka amaqanda zihlanganisa:
Ama-Leghorns Amhlophe: Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu (amaqanda angama-280-320 ngonyaka).
I-Rhode Island Reds: Uhlobo lwezinjongo ezimbili, oluqinile, futhi luzalela amaqanda ansundu.
I-Isa Browns: Izingqimba ezingaguquki zamaqanda amakhulu ansundu.
I-Sussex: Iyaguquguquka futhi ikhiqiza kokubili inyama namaqanda.
Xhumana nabafuyi bendawo noma ochwepheshe bezolimo ukuze ukhethe izinhlobo ezihambisana nesimo sezulu nemigomo yakho kanye nendawo yangakini.
5. Ukuthola Amatshwele noma Izikhukhukazi
Amatshwele Adala Usuku
Izindleko zokuqala eziphansi.
Idinga imishini yokufukamela nokunakekelwa kwamaviki okuqala angu-4-6.
I-Point-of-Lay Hens
Qala ukubeka amaqanda ngokushesha.
Izindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kodwa isikhathi esincane nomzamo odingekayo.
Umthombo wamatshwele noma izinkukhu ezivela ezindaweni zokuchanyuselwa ezinedumela elihle ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinkukhu ezinempilo nezingenazo izifo.
6. Ukudla Okunempilo
Izinhlobo Zokuphakelayo
Ukudla kokuqala: Kumatshwele (amaviki angu-0-6).
Okuphakelayo Komlimi: Kuma-pullets (amaviki angu-6-20).
I-Layer Feed: Ezinkukhu ezizalela amaqanda ngenkuthalo (amaviki angama-20+).
Izithasiselo
I-calcium: Ibalulekile kumagobolondo amaqanda aqinile (isb, amagobolondo e-oyster agayiwe).
I-Grit: Isiza ngokugaya.
Imifino emisha nezinsalela zasekhishini: Nikeza izinhlobonhlobo nezakhamzimba.
Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile ayatholakala ngaso sonke isikhathi.
7. Ukulawulwa Kwezempilo Nezifo
Izifo Ezivamile Zezinkukhu
Isifo saseNewcastle: Goma umhlambi wakho.
Isifo sikaMarek’s: Sivinjelwa ngokugoma.
I-Coccidiosis: Phatha ngokukhucululwa kwendle okuhle nokudla okunemithi.
Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni: Ukuqapha njalo kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha kwemvelo kubalulekile.
Imikhuba ye-Biosecurity
Nciphisa ukufinyelela epulazini.
Imishini ehlanzekile njalo futhi ebulala amagciwane kanye nezindlu.
Izinyoni ezintsha noma ezigulayo azivalelwe zodwa.
Sebenza nodokotela wezilwane ukuze basungule uhlelo lwezempilo lomhlambi wakho.
8. Ukuqoqwa Kwamaqanda Kanye Nestoreji
Iqoqo
Qoqa amaqanda okungenani kabili ngosuku ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka nokungcola.
Sebenzisa obhasikidi abahlanzekile noma amathreyi ukuphatha amaqanda.
Ukuhlanza kanye Nesitoreji
Amaqanda ahlanze ngobumnene ngendwangu eyomile uma kunesidingo.
Gcina amaqanda endaweni epholile, eyomile cishe ku-7-15°C.
Bhala amaqanda ngosuku lokuqoqwa ukuze ajikeleze ngendlela efanele.
9. Ukumaketha Nokuthengisa
Izimakethe Eziqondile
Izimakethe zabalimi bendawo.
Izitolo zokudla noma izitolo ezinkulu.
Izindawo zokudlela namabhikawozi.
Ukuthengisa okuqondile kumthengi ngokusebenzisa inkundla yezokuxhumana noma izikhangiso zasendaweni.
Ukumaketha nokupakisha
Sebenzisa ukupakisha okukhangayo, okuvumelana nemvelo.
Gqamisa amaphuzu okuthengisa ahlukile (isb, i-organic, ibanga lamahhala).
Dala ilogo elula kanye nobunikazi bomkhiqizo.
Intengo
Bala izindleko (okuphakelayo, abasebenzi, izinsiza, njll.) bese ubeka inani elinenzuzo.
Qaphela izintengo zakho ukuze uhlale uqhudelana.
10. Ukuphathwa Kwemali
Izindleko zokuqalisa
Umhlaba nezindlu.
Imishini.
Ukuthengwa komhlambi wokuqala.
Okuphakelayo nokugoma.
Izindleko Zokusebenza
Izindleko zokuphakelayo zanyanga zonke.
Izindleko zabasebenzi (uma ziqasha abasebenzi).
Izinsiza (ugesi, amanzi).
Ukuphathwa Kwemali Engenayo
Landelela imali engenayo nezindleko usebenzisa isofthiwe noma amaspredishithi.
Buyisela inzuzo ekwandiseni ibhizinisi noma ukuthuthukisa izinsiza.
11. Ukukhuphula
Uma ibhizinisi lakho selisebenza kahle, cabanga ukukala ngokuthi:
Ukwengeza izikhukhukazi eziningi noma izinhlobo.
Ukuhlukahluka kweminye imikhiqizo yezinkukhu (isb, inyama, amatshwele).
Ukunweba iziteshi zokusabalalisa.
12. Izinselelo Namathiphu Empimelelo
Izinselelo
Izintengo zokuphakelayo ezishintshashintshayo.
Ukwehluka kwesizini kwesidingo samaqanda.
Ukuqubuka kwezifo.
Ukuthobela umthetho.
Amathiphu Empumelelo
Hlala unolwazi mayelana namathrendi embonini nezindlela ezihamba phambili.
Yakha ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki bendawo namakhasimende.
Gxila kukhwalithi nokungaguquguquki ukuze wakhe isisekelo samakhasimende athembekile.
Gcina amarekhodi anemininingwane okuhlaziya ukusebenza nokwenza izinqumo.
Isiphetho
Ukuqala ibhizinisi lokubeka amaqanda kungaba ibhizinisi elinenzuzo nelenelisayo ngokuhlela nokwenza okufanele. Ngokuqonda imakethe, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele, ukugcina umhlambi onempilo, nokumaketha ngempumelelo imikhiqizo yakho, ungakha ibhizinisi elizinzile neliphumelelayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nomzamo, ibhizinisi lakho lokubeka amaqanda lingakhula ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zomphakathi wakho nangale kwalokho.